基于利益相关者逻辑的高等教育重点建设政策分析

Analysis on the Policy of Key Construction in High Education Based on the Logic of Stakeholders

政策工具是政策目标与结果之间的重要连接,政府通过采用一种或多种政策工具来实现政策目标。虽然政策设计者用意良苦,但政策在实施过程中往往产生多重结果。我国高等教育重点建设政策实施的历史演进说明,基于利益相关者逻辑的主要行动者(包括高校组织、教师、学生以及家长等)对于高等教育重点建设政策工具的反应、行为选择会产生积极和消极的多重结果。在多样性社会背景下,相关行动者以及社会公众的利益不断分化,而政策工具没能跟上形势变化并做出与时俱进的调整;政策工具与制度情境间的这种不匹配,引发了各种矛盾、冲突,以及非预期的政策结果。

Policy tools are an important connection between policy objectives and policy effects. Governments usually use one or more policy tools to achieve policy objectives. However, despite of good intentions of policy designers, policy may lead to multiple results including unexpected outcomes. This paper focuses on the policy of key construction in high education in China. Grounded in a review of the historical evolution of the policy, and an analysis of the policy tools, the present research seeks to discuss the reactions and behavior choices of relevant actors （including universities, teachers, as well as students and parents） facing the key construction policy, and disclose the resultant multi-side effects, by borrowing perspectives from the logic of stakeholders. The research results indicate that whereas the stakeholder＇ interests continued to diverge, driving by multifold social environments, the policy tools have not been adjusted to accommodate the changing situations. The mismatch between policy tools and the social contexts has led to the phenomena of conflicts and unexpected results.