论悼亡诗中的性别差异

Gender Differences in Mourning Poems

从狭义角度来说,悼亡诗不仅指悼妻诗还包含悼夫诗。创作主体性别的不同决定了悼夫诗与悼妻诗在某些方面具有差异。《十年生死两茫茫——古代悼亡诗百首译析》一书中有近百篇具有代表性的悼亡诗,可以一窥悼妻诗与悼夫诗侧重点与揭示对象的不同。一方面,悼妻诗侧重表现诗人自我即悼亡主体的苦痛,悼夫诗则以丈夫为中心,侧重悼亡客体。另一方面,悼妻诗重在揭示妻子的贤良淑德,悼夫诗则是对丈夫一生中光辉处加以弘扬赞美。由这两个方面可体现出男性创作悼亡诗与女性创作悼亡诗间的性别差异。

There are gender differences in mourning poems, written for wife or for husband. For example, in the book Interpretation of Ancient Mourning Poems, the difference lies in the focus and meaning of mourning. A mourning po- em for wife focuses on the writer＇ s suffering and grief to show the wife＇ s goodness while that for husband does on the lost husband to praise him for his good achievements.