魏晋嵇阮派美学之自然审美意识

Nature Aesthetic Consciousness in School of JI Kang and RUAN Ji of the Wei and Jin Dynasty

在魏晋美学中,竹林派的代表嵇康、阮籍极力主张"越名教而任自然",推崇随意任心、顺其自然的审美意识。认为"越名任心"审美域的生成来自自由洒脱、任心自然。所谓"越名任心",即自然而然、任其自然,其美学意义表征着对现实世界与"名教"的超越,对自我种种欲望的超越,实质上则意味着对超尘绝俗、一往不复的自由意志与独立精神的注重。在此意义上,淡泊、恬淡、自然、随意任心、顺其自然则成为嵇阮派美学自然审美意识的内在逻辑。这种越名任心、顺其自然并非认识论意义上的,而是一种诉诸于一己心灵体验的随意任心、顺其自然,可以称之为存在论美学的然其所然,是其所是。

In the aesthetics of Wei-Jin, JI Kang and RUAN Ji, representatives of the bamboo school, strongly advocate “getting over the Confucian ethical code but letting the nature at ease”, and highly praise the aesthetic consciousness of following one’ s willingness in accordance with natural tenden-cy. Aesthetic domain of surmounting fame by heart comes from the freedom and the following of one’ s heart. Surmounting fame by heart means to let nature takes its course, with its aesthetic significance lying in the surmounting of reality, the Confucian ethnical code and various desires of oneself. Its essence is the emphasis on unearthly and on-going free will and independent spirit. Based on that, indifference, tranquility, nature and following one’ s willingness in accordance with natural tendency become the inner logic of nature aesthetic consciousness in school of JI Kang and RUAN Ji. Surmounting fame by heart in accordance with natural tendency is not epistemological, but is the following one’ s willingness in accord-ance with natural tendency resorting to one’ s soul experience, and thus is ontology aesthetics of making a thing what it is and as what it is.