试析乾隆朝治理南疆政策得失——以阿其睦、燕起事件为中心

The Analysis about the Gains and Losses of the Policies for the Governance of the South Frontier in Qianlong Period——Focusing on Aqimu-Yanqi Event

乾隆年间,清政府在南疆地区实行以军统政的军府体制。通过考察阿其睦、燕起事件可发现,由于体制自身缺陷及伯克阶层内部固有矛盾冲突等原因,军府制的实际运作与理想状态相差甚远。特别是乾隆后期,在边疆民族地区与内地难以全方位融合的情况下,军府制与伯克制相结合的治理模式更难以满足统治南疆的需要,不得不实行多元化的治理模式。从历史来看,军府制弊大于利,加之保守的对外政策,清统治者难逃王朝衰落、疆域萎缩的命运。

During the Qianlong Period, Qing government implemented the system of the military government in the south frontier. The research of Aqimu-Yanqi Event shows that there was great distance between the actual implementation and the ideal due to both the weakness of the system itself and the internal conflicts of the Beg class. Especially in the late of Qianlong Period, the governance combination of the military and the Beg was hard to meet the local needs with the difficulties to integrate the ethnic frontier and inland. Historically, the system of military government was more disadvantageous and the Qing government doomed to decline with the conservative foreign policies.