基于光栅测量的数控机床精度控制及故障处理

Precision control and fault handling of raster-based measurement for CNC machine tools

分析了闭环伺服系统的控制特性和控制要求。对采用光栅作为检测装置的数控机床,指出了影响数控机床控制精度和加工精度的主要因素。提出了对检测反馈信号进行倍频处理,从而提高闭环伺服系统检测精度及控制精度的措施。给出了倍频处理电路和EXE信号处理电路的设计方法。针对光栅使用中可能出现的故障,给出了故障诊断及处理方法。该方法不但可以提高数控机床的控制精度,改善闭环控制系统的特性,而且可以方便地进行测量系统故障的诊断与处理。

Analyzes the characteristics and control requirements of a closed-loop servo control sys-tem.Point the impact factor of control accuracy and precision to CNC machine tool using raster as a de-tection device.Propose a method using frequency processing of feedback signal to improve the detection accuracy and control precision of closed-loop servo system.Expound the design method of circuit of sig-nal frequency processing and EXE processing.And gives a method of fault diagnosis and treatment to the possible failure of raster in use.This method not only can improve the control precision of CNC machine tool and improve the characteristics of closed loop control system, but also can easily diagnose and treat the fault of measurement system.