人参多糖的结构与活性研究进展

Research achievements on structures and activities of polysaccharides from Panax ginseng

人参具有悠久的药用历史,能够治疗多种疾病。人参中含有多种有效活性成分,如皂苷、多肽、挥发油和多糖等。其中,皂苷一直被认为是其发挥药理活性的主要成分。但越来越多的研究表明,多糖对人参药用价值的发挥也起着不可或缺的作用。现代生物学和医学研究发现,人参多糖有复杂的结构特征和多样的生物活性,如抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化、降血糖、抗辐射等。人参多糖的结构特征与其活性的正常发挥有着密切的关系。该研究对近年来发表的相关文章进行总结与综述,为人参多糖的研究提供一定的指导和参考。

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer （P. ginseng） has been used as traditional medicine in Asian countries for more than 2 000 years. P. ginseng contains many active components such as ginsenosides, peptides, essential oil and polysaccharides, among which, P. ginseng polysaccharides were reported to have immunomodulating, anti-cancer, anti-adhesive and antioxidant activities. For better understanding of the structures and biological activities of all the ginseng polysaccharides, here the recent research achievements were reviewed. This review would be helpful for the relevant researchers to get useful information.