社会符号化对生活世界的解构与重组——波德里亚与哈贝马斯社会符号学思想比较论

Deconstruction and Recombination of Lebenswelt Based on Social Symbolism——A Comparison of Social Semiotics Thoughts between Baudrillard and Habermas

作为法兰克福学派重要的社会理论家哈贝马斯和波德里亚,其批判理论都强调了对语言符号的重视,皆在通过符号生产方式的转换达到理想之境的建构或重构。不同的是,哈贝马斯的符号之维,是以普遍语用学为组织原则,以主体间的交往为契机,以交往合理性为尺度,渴望建构一个新理性原则下的"生活世界"。而波德里亚的符号之维则较为深刻地解析了"仿真"和"类象"对"生活世界"的腐蚀和侵袭,商品拜物教让位于符号拜物教,消费的异化使"生活世界"更加异化的社会现实,凸显出敏锐的后现代主义眼光和理论旨趣。本文采用比较的方法,对其进行多向度、多视角的甄别和阐释,指出交往理论的合理性和局限性、社会符号化的进取精神和脱离生活实际的乌托邦主义。

Habermas and Baudrillard are important social theorists of the Frankfurt School, whose critical theory has all emphasized the importance of language symbols, it intends to achieve the construction or reconstruction of ideal landschaft through the conversion of symbolic production. The difference is that Habermas is eager to construct a ＂Lebenswelt＂ under the new rational principle, his symbol dimension is based on the organizing principle of universal pragmatics, the juncture of interaction between subjects and the criterion of communicative rationality. Whereas Bandrillard＇ s symbol dimension profoundly analyzes the corrosion and invasion of ＂Lebenswelt＂ cased by ＂Simulation＂ and ＂Genre＂ , the social reality that commodity fetishism gives way to symbol fetishism and consumption alienation make the ＂Lebenswelt＂ more alienated highlights the keen vision ofpostmodernism and theoretical purport. In this paper, the comparison method is adopted to distinguish and explicate their theories on multiple dimension and multiple perspective, pointing out the limitation and rationality of communication theory, the enterprising spirit of social symbolism and unrealistic utopianism.