族群认同的宗教性建构——以兴蒙乡蒙古族为例

Religious construction of ethnic identity:A case study of the Mongols in Xingmeng Township

20世纪50年代以来,生活在云南兴蒙乡的蒙古族人,获得了正式民族身份,民族意识逐渐增强。20世纪80年代中期,在传统信仰复兴的大背景下,通过把当地原有的关圣宫改建为三圣宫,发明一整套祭祀祖先三圣的仪式,并在新近创造的忆祖节和从内蒙古引进的那达慕节等重要场合展演加强这种新的信仰和仪式,完成了一种"三圣信仰"的新宗教体系及其自我再生产机制的构建,通过宗教信仰的途径实现了建构和表达自身族群认同的愿望。当然,这一系列宗教性的族群认同表达方式的发明,实际上深深根植于当地的原有信仰与文化,因而能够有效的表达与持续维系当地人的族群认同。

Since their ethnic identity was officially recognized in the 1950s, the Mongols in Xingmeng Township of Yunnan province has gradually strengthened their ethnic consciousness. In the mid - 1980s, against the backdrop of the revival of traditional beliefs, they reconstructed the Guansheng Palace and named it Three - saints Palace, together with a set of sacrificial ceremonies for three holy ancestors, which are performed in the new Ancestry Festival as well as Nadam Festival introduced from Inner Mongolia and on other important occasions. It was a construction of a new ＂Three - saints Belief＂ with its self - reproduction mechanism and a construction and expression of their own ethnic identity. This new series of religious expressions of ethnic identity has its root in the original beliefs and local cultures, and thus can effectively express and maintain their ethnic identity.