鄱阳湖流域典型湿地植物需水规律研究

Water Requirement Rule of Typical Wetland Vegetation in Poyang Lake Basin

湿地植被需水量是维持湿地生态系统生态平衡和湿地植被正常生长,保障湿地系统生态功能正常发挥所需的水量。选取鄱阳湖流域8种典型湿地植物：藜蒿、菖蒲、美人蕉、茭白、高秆灯芯草、西伯利亚鸢尾、白莲、莲藕,于2013年在江西省灌溉试验中心站人工湿地试验场开展试验,分析了不同湿地植物全生育期需水量及其生育阶段和日变化规律,得到不同湿地植物的作物系数。结果表明,在湿地植物需水高峰期的5-10月,8种湿地植被日均需水量变化范围为4.3～6.1mm,其中菖蒲最高为6.1mm,白莲最低为4.3mm。经测定,湿地日均渗漏量为1.3mm;全生育期湿地植被需水量变化范围为800～1125.6mm,是平均值的0.86倍至1.21倍;8种湿地植物全生育期作物系数变化范围为1.8～2.4,其中菖蒲最高为2.4,白莲和莲藕最低为1.8,而藜蒿、高杆灯芯草和西伯利亚鸢尾的全生育期作物系数为2.0左右,对照处理作物系数保持在1.7。本文研究结果为鄱阳湖流域不同湿地植物需水规律分析及其计算提供了依据。

Wetland crop water requirement is to maintain the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems and wetlands normal growth of crops,protection of wetland ecological functions of water required for the normal functioning.In this study,eight kinds of Poyang Lake Basin wetland crops,including Artemisia arborescens,iris,canna,wild rice,tall rushes,Siberian iris,lotus,lotus root,are selected a six-month trial is launched in Jiangxi typical irrigation experiment central station in 2013 to study different wetland crop growth period water consumption,growth stages water consumption and daily water consumption,analyze and calculate the crop coefficient of different wetland vegetation.The result shows that wetland vegetation water demand peak from May to October,water requirements of eight kinds of wetland vegetation vary from 4to 6mm every day.Thereinto Iris is the highest 6.1mm,White Lotus is the lowest4.3mm and wetlands average daily volume of leakage is 1.3mm;Among different growth stages of wetland vegetation,water requirement varies from 0.86 times to 1.21 times of the average;Growth period crops coefficients of the eight kinds of wetland vegetation vary from 1.8to 2.4,in which that of Iris is the highest,2.4and that of lotus and lotus is the lowest,1.8,while that of Artemisia arborescens,tall rushes and Siberian Iris is around 2.0,and that of the control group maintains at 1.7.The result of this study provides a basis for the analysis and calculation of water requirement of different wetland vegetation in Poyang Lake Basin.