阳明洞天考

An Examination of Yangming Cave

阳明洞天是大禹传说道教化的产物,由禹得藏金简玉字之书处——禹穴转化而来。唐贺知章将"阳明洞天"和"禹穴"与禹得藏书的会稽山一盘石(飞来石)结合了起来,认为"阳明洞天"和"禹穴"在飞来石之下。道教洞天并非现实山洞的翻版,而是神仙居住的世界,世俗世界的生灵要发现洞天的存在,需要某种极特殊的机缘,飞来石就是沟通两个世界的一种标识。阳明洞天是以集阳明洞天、禹穴于一身的飞来石为核心的一处谷地,围绕着有26处唐宋石刻的飞来石,东汉道教天师葛玄留有葛仙翁井,南朝宋尚书孔灵产在飞来石旁建道馆,至唐朝改为龙瑞宫。元稹和白居易在此诗歌唱和,五代钱鏐举行过投龙简仪式,王阳明则曾在此筑室养生、读书、讲学。

Yangming Cave was the product of Dayu legend through Taoist instruction. It was transformed from Dayu＇ s Tomb where he obtained the stored books with excellent mottos. He Zhizhang in the Tang Dynasty combined ＂Yangming Cave＂ and ＂Dayu＇ s Tomb＂ with Yipanshi （Feilaishi） of Mount Huiji, and believed that ＂Yangming Cave＂ and ＂Dayu＇s Tomb＂ were under the status of Feilaishi. In Taoism, the cave in the ancient was not the same as the cave today. It was the place where the deities lived. If the mortal beings living in the world hoped to discover the existence of the Cave at that time, they needed to wait for a very special opportunity. Feilaishi was the place of logo to communicate between the two worlds. Yangming Cave was a basin which took Feilaishi as the center that had integrated Yangming Cave and Dayu＇ s Tomb into one. Extended around Feilaishi where there were 26 spots engraved with Tang and Song Carvings, Taoist Master Ge Xuan built the Gexianweng Well during the Eastern Han Dynasty; Royal Secretary Kong Lincan built a temple next to Feilaishi in the Dynasty of Nanchaosong, which was transformed into the Long Rui Palace in the Tang Dynasty. Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi wrote poems and chanted to each other in this place. During the Five Dynasty, Qian Liu held a Taoist religious ceremony of casting Longjian. Wang Yangming was once building up a house here to stay, read books and give lectures.