江苏机插水稻大面积均衡增产共性特征分析

Common Characteristics of Balanced Yield Increase in a Large Area of Mechanical Transplanted Rice in Jiangsu Province

以江苏26个水稻高产创建示范县为对象,对水稻田产量及群体结构的典型田块进行调查。将水稻生产要素（种植地点、品种、播期、种植方式）类型相近或相同的田块按产量分成高产田（Ⅰ,〉10.5 t hm^–2）、中产田（Ⅱ,9.0-10.5 t hm^–2）、低产田（Ⅲ,〈9.0 t hm^–2）3个等级,比较其产量结构、空间分布均衡性等群体指标。结果表明：（1）高产田的颖花数、穗数、穗粒数均有显著优势;不同类型田块在行距、穴距、单位面积穴数等空间配置上差异未达显著水平。（2）不同产量水平田块单穴穗数整齐度差异显著;产量与单穴穗数整齐度呈极显著正相关（r=0.436^＊＊,2009;r=0.441^＊＊,2010）。（3）顶部叶片长度增加有利于总粒数的增加,但易降低结实率,尤其是下位叶。表明提高单穴穗数整齐度和穗粒数整齐度,是协调水稻穗数、穗粒数和粒重三者矛盾的有效途径;也是江苏大面积均衡增产的有效途径。

An experiment was conducted in a large area of representative fields in 26 high-yielding rice demonstration counties of Jiangsu Province with mechanical transplanting in 2009 and 2010. Fields planted with the same site, cultivar, sowing date and management were divided into three types based on the grain yield, including high grain yield fields （Ⅰ, 〉 10.5 t ha^–1）, middle grain yield fields （Ⅱ, 9.0-10.5 t ha^–1） and low grain yield fields （Ⅲ, 〈 9.0 t ha^–1）. Characteristics of yield components and the balance of plants space distribution were compared among the three types. The result showed that high-yielding fields had sig-nificantly higher spikelets per m^2, panicles per m^2, spikelets per panicle than the other types. There were no significant differences in spacing characteristics, which mainly includes row spacing, holes spacing and panicles per hole. There was significant differ-ence in the uniformity of panicles per hole among different types. There was significantly positive correlation between the uni-formity of panicles per hole and grain yield （r=0.436^＊＊, 2009; r=0.441^＊＊, 2010）. Lengths of the top leaves were beneficial to the spikelets per panicle, but could decrease the grain-filling. These results suggested that it is an effective way to resolve the con-tradiction among rice yield components by improving the uniformity of panicle per m2 and spikelets per panicle. It is also a right way to improve grain yield of rice transplanted by machine in a large area of Jiangsu Province.