应用AMMI模型分析云南保山烤烟物理性状的基因与环境互作

Analysis of Interaction between Genotype and Environment on Physical Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco in Baoshan of Yunnan by AMMI Model

目的：研究云南保山烤烟不同品种物理性状在不同环境条件下的适应性和稳定性。方法：将云南保山3个烤烟常栽品种种植在3个海拔高度的2种土壤上,采用完全随机设计,每个品种设3次重复,每小区50-60株,应用AMMI模型对烤烟物理性状的进行基因、环境和基因与环境（G×E）互作分析。结果：各因素对各物理性状指标都有极显著的影响,环境效应〉基因效应〉G×E互作效应。填充值、叶面密度主要受基因影响,叶长、叶宽、含梗率主要受环境效应影响。G×E互作对梗重、含梗率、综合得分的影响显著,其主成分因子IPCA1的F值均达极显著水平,分别解释了相应G×E互作变异总平方和的98.71%、95.72%、99.99%;叶面密度与海拔呈极显著的正相关,开片度、含梗率、填充值与海拔呈极显著的负相关。K326的烟叶物理可用性最高但稳定性最差,Y87可用性最低稳定性居中,Y99可用性居中但稳定性最好;箐桥对烟叶各品种物理性状的影响力最大,双河最小,公平居中。结论：在本试验范围区域内,烟叶物理性状受G×E互作效应影响极显著。从物理性状看,K326对环境条件最为敏感,适合在中等海拔区种植,Y87、Y99对环境条件的敏感性较弱,在高、低海拔区域均能种植并能获得物理可用性较高的烟叶。

The aim of this research is to clarify the adaptability and stability of physical characters of different flue -cured to-bacco varieties under different environmental conditions of Baoshan city , Yunnan province .Three common flue-cured tobacco vari-eties were planted in 2 types of soil at three test sites with different altitudes .The completely randomized block design with 3 repeti-tions each variety and 50-60 plants each plot was adopted in this experiment .The effects of genotype （ G） , environment （ E） , and their interaction （G ×E interaction） on the physical characters of flue -cured tobacco were analyzed by using AMMI model .The re-sults indicated that the effects of three factors on various physical character indexes all were very significant , and showed the follow-ing order：environmental effect 〉genotypic effect〉G ×E interactive effect .The filling power and leaf weight per unit surface area were affected mainly by genotype; the leaf length, leaf width, and stem ratio were affected majorly by environment .The stem weight , stem ratio and synthesis score were significantly affected by G ×E interaction , and their principal component factors all had very significant F-values, separately explaining 98.71%, 95.72%and 99.99%of total quadratic sum of corresponding G ×E in-teractive variation .There was very significantly positive correlation between altitude and leaf weight per unit surface area ; while there were very significantly negative correlations between altitude and leaf width -leaf length ratio, stem ratio, filling power.The physical availability of K 326 leaf was the highest but its physical stability was the worst .The physical availability of Y 87 leaf was the lowest but its physical stability was medium .The leaf of Y99 had medium physical availability and the best physical stability .A-mong three test sites , Qingqiao had the greatest impact on the physical characters of tobacco leaf , followed by Gongping and Shuang-he in turn.It was concluded that：the physical characters of tobacco leaf were very significantly （P〈0.01） affected by G ×E inter-action;as for physical characters , K326 was most sensitive to environmental conditions , and it was suitable to cultivate this variety in middle-altitude area;Y87 and Y99 had weaker sensitivity to environmental conditions , and they could be planted in high -alti-tude or low-altitude area.