身材矮小儿童的自我意识及其与父母养育方式关系研究

Study on the relationship between self-concept and parental rearing patterns in short stature children

目的调查身材矮小儿童的自我意识及其父母养育方式,探讨其自我意识水平与正常儿童的差异,分析其父母养育方式与自我意识的关系。方法用儿童自我意识量表及父母养育方式问卷对107例身材矮小儿童进行调查,用儿童自我意识量表对107例正常儿童进行调查。结果身材矮小儿童在行为、躯体外貌、幸福与满足及自我意识总分得分上均低于正常儿童。父母亲的温暖和理解均与矮小儿童的自我意识各因子及总分呈正相关;父亲惩罚及严厉与其行为(r=-0.512)、躯体外貌(r=-0.178)和合群(r=-0.321)呈负相关;父亲偏爱与其合群(r=-0.212)呈负相关,而与幸福满足(r=0.226)呈正相关;父亲拒绝与否认与其行为(r=-0.235)和智力学校(r=-0.196)呈负相关;父亲的过度保护与其躯体外貌(r=0.263)和幸福满足(r=0.196)呈正相关。母亲的过度干涉、保护与其躯体外貌(r=0.179)和幸福满足(r=0.234)呈正相关;母亲拒绝与否认与其行为(r=-0.369)、躯体外貌(r=-0.206)和焦虑(r=-0.239)因子及总分(r=-0.214)呈负相关;母亲的惩罚及严厉与其行为(r=-0.412)、躯体外貌(r=-0.261)、幸福满足(r=-0.253)及总分(r=-0.287)呈负相关;母亲偏爱与其智力与学校(r=0.224)呈正相关,与其焦虑(r=-0.236)呈负相关。结论身材矮小儿童的自我意识水平较正常同龄儿童低,且与其父母养育方式有相关性。

Objectives To investigate the level of self-concept in short stature children and compare with normal children,to explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns and children＇s self-concept. Methods Piers-Harris Children＇s Self-concept Scale （PHCSS） and Egna Minnen Bamdoms Uppfostran（EMBU）scale were used in 107 short stature children in Changsha.PHCSS was used in 107 normal children. Results Short stature children scored significantly lower on the total scores of self-concept,especially on sub-scales of behavior,somatic and appearance,well-being and satisfaction than normal children.Correlation analysis indicated that parental warmth positively correlated to all children＇s self-concept level,father＇s punishment was negatively correlated to behavior （r=-0.512）,physical appearance（r=-0.178） and gregarious（r=-0.321）;father＇s partialism was negatively correlated to gregarious（r=-0.212）but positively correlated to happiness（r=0.226）;father＇s rejection was negatively correlated to behavior（r=0.226） and intellect status（r=-0.196）;father＇s overprotection was positively correlated to appearance （r=0.263）and happiness（r=0.196）.Mother＇s intrusiveness and over protection were positively correlated to physical appearance（r=0.179）and happiness（r=0.234）; mother＇s rejection was negatively correlated to behavior（r=-0.369）,physical appearance （r=-0.206）and anxiety（r=-0.239）;mother＇s punishment was negatively correlated to behavior（r=-0.412）,physical appearance （r=-0.261）and happiness（r=-0.253）;mother＇s partialism was positively correlated to intellect status（r=0.224）but negatively correlated to anxiety（r=-0.236）. Conclusions The levels of self concept of children with short stature are significantly lower than normal children,and related to parental rearing patterns.