SPME/GC-MS法分析不同龙眼品种果实中的香气成分

Analysis of Aromatic Compounds in Four Longan Cultivars by SPME/GC-MS

采用SPME/GC-MS法对4个龙眼品种果实香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明,4个龙眼品种共检测出44种芳香物质,其中烷类11种,烯类18种,酯类10种,醇类3种,酮类1种,炔类1种,它们构成4种龙眼主要的香气成分。4个龙眼品种在香气组成和含量上有所差异,储良、东良、东丰、石硖中分别含有25种、24种、26种、21种香气成分。其中,4种龙眼共有的香气成分有7种:分别是十七烷、罗勒烯(顺式)、罗勒烯(反式)、别罗勒烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯、α-石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯,但其相对含量都有所差异;此外,各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分,如储良特有的香气成分有9种:包括十六烷、2-甲基-4-亚甲基-5-(2,2-二甲基环丙基)-1-戊烯、5-环丙基戊酸乙酯、二十酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、香叶基芳樟醇、芳樟醇、2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔;东丰特有的3种:包括1-碘十一烷、反式,反式-法尼基酸甲酯、2-羟基十二烷酸甲酯;石硖特有的4种:包括十一烷、(-)-异丁香烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙基环己烯、喇叭茶醇;东良没有特有的香气成分。

The compositions of aromatic compounds in four longan cultivars were analyzed by solid-phase micro-extraction technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （SPME/GC-MS）. A total of 44 aromatic components including 11 alkanes, 18 alkenes, 10 esters, 3 alcohols, 1 ketones and 1 alkynes were identified as the major aroma compounds in longan. There were significant differences in aromatic composition in the four cultivars. 25, 24, 26 and 21 aromatic components were identified from ‘Chuliang’, ‘Dongliang’, ‘Dongfeng’ and ‘Shixia’ respectively. Heptadecane; 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, （E）-; 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-; 2,4,6-Octatriene, 2,6-dimethyl-,（E,Z）-; 1,3,8-p-Menthatriene; Caryophyllene and 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-were identified in all the four cultivars, but their relative contents showed considerable differences. In addition, different cultivars of longan had unique aromatic components. For example, ＆#39;Chuliang＆#39; had 9 specific aromatic components ：Hexadecane; 1-Pentene, 5-（2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl）-2-methyl-4-methylene-;Pentanoic acid, 5-cyclopropylide ne-, ethyl ester; Eicosanoic acid, ethyl ester; Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate; 1,6,10,14-Hexadecatetraen-3-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; 3-Octen-5-yne, 7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol-3,7-dimethyl,1-pentene-5- （2,2-dimethylcyclopro pyl）-2-met,pentanoic acid-5-cyclopropylidene ethyl ester, 3-octen-5-yne-2,7-dimethyl （E）, hexadecane, eicosanoic acid ethyl ester, 1,6,10,14-hexadecatetraen-3-ol-3,7,11,15-tet, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester and ethyl 9-hexadecenoate; ‘Dongfeng’ had 3 particular aromatic compounds： 1-Iodoundecane; 2,6,10-Dodecatrienoic acid, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, methyl ester; Methyl 2-hydroxydodecanoate;‘Shixia’had 4 unique aromatic compounds： undecane; Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-; Cyclohexene, 2-ethenyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-; ledo; ‘Dongliang’ had no peculiar aroma components.