农村特殊家庭留守儿童心理健康状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the mental health of left behind children in rural families

目的 调查农村特殊家庭（包括单亲、父母双亡、父母离异、父母服刑、父母丧失劳动力、养父母家庭等）留守儿童及普通留守儿童的人格特征、孤独感、自我意识及心理健康水平.方法 采用艾森克个性调查问卷（幼年）、儿童自我意识量表、儿童孤独量表,对四川省阆中市某乡中心校四至六年级在校学生（7～15岁儿童）进行测量,发放问卷231份,收回有效问卷203份（88％）.其中特殊家庭留守儿童（研究组）49人,普通留守儿童（对照1组）79人,非留守儿童（对照2组）75人,并将3组测验结果进行对照分析.结果 研究组儿童发生心理健康问题者41人（83.67％）,对照1组56人（70.89％）,对照2组21人（28.00％）,组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;3组儿童的个性、孤独感与自我意识比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;农村留守儿童个性偏于内倾、情绪不稳,在行为、合群性及幸福感方面差于非留守儿童（P＜0.05）.结论 农村特殊家庭留守儿童和普通家庭留守儿童心理健康水平明显低于非留守儿童,其中特殊家庭留守儿童心理问题尤为突出,应该成为家长、学校以及社会各界和政府关注的焦点.

Objective To investigate loneliness, self awareness, level of mental health and children personality of the special rural family left-behind children （including single parent, parents, parents divorced parents, parents in prison, loss of labor and the parents family） and ordinary left behind. Methods The four to the sixth grade students （chil- dren 9~ 15 years old） were measured in Langzhong Township Central School with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （juvenile）, children＇s sel{ concept scale and children＇s loneliness scale. The children were divided into special family leftbehind children （Study Group,49 people）, ordinary left-behind children （control group 1, 79 people） and non left-behind children （control group 2, 75 people）. Results The incidence of mental health problems of Study Group, control group 1 and control group 2 were 83.67%, 70.89% and 28% （P〈0.01）. The loneliness and self consciousness of the three group were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The children left behind in rural areas tend to introversion personality and emotional instability （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Special rural family left-behind children and families left-behind children mental health are significantly lower than that of non left-behind children.