腘绳肌拉伤可变危险因素的筛选及对策研究

Study on Screening and Countermeasures of the Variable Risk Factors of Hamstring Strain

目的:对腘绳肌拉伤可变危险因素进行分析和筛选,确定主要危险因素,为损伤预防指明方向。方法:以河北省体育运动学校28名学生为研究对象,依据是否发生过单侧腘绳肌拉伤将其分为未受伤组(18人)和受伤组(10人);用Biodex System-3型等速肌力测试系统,对两组学生两膝关节进行屈伸测试,得到两组学生的腘绳肌峰力矩、腘绳肌最佳力矩角度、股四头肌峰力矩、股四头肌最佳力矩角度、股四头肌峰力矩与腘绳肌峰力矩比值(Q/H),并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果:受伤组伤侧腘绳肌峰力矩明显小于健侧(P<0.05),伤侧Q/H显著大于健侧和未受伤组(P<0.05)。伤侧腘绳肌最佳力矩角度大于健侧,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论及建议:腘绳肌最佳力矩角度、腘绳肌峰力矩、Q/H可以作为腘绳肌拉伤的预测指标,建议选择适当的力量练习以预防腘绳肌拉伤。

Objectives： The variable risk factors of hamstring strain were screened and analyzed to determine the main risk factors and find feasible methods of preventing hamstring strain. Methods： 28 students from a sport school were taken as research subject. Based on previous occurrence of hamstring strain, they were divided into two groups, uninjured （18） and injured （10）. Flexion test was given to the two groups by Biodex System-3 isokinetic test system, to get the values of quadriceps peak torque, hamstring peak torque, the optimum angle of hamstring, the optimum angle of hamstring, the quadriceps/hamstrings peak torque ratio. And then the data of each group was analyzed statistically. Results： The hamstring peak torque of the injured side is smaller than the contralateral side （P〈0. 05）. The Q/H of the injured side is smaller than the contralateral side and the both side of the uninjured group （P〈0. 05）. The optimum angle of hamstring of the injured side is obviously smaller than the contralateral side （P〈0. 01）. Conclusions and suggestions： The optimum angle of hamstring, the hamstring peak torque and Q/H might be taken as predictive indexes of hamstring strain. It is recommended to choose the appropriate strength exercises to prevent hamstring strain.