4Alderson J C and Wall D. Does washback exist?[J]. Applied Linguistics, 1993:14, 115-29.
5Bachman L F and Palmer A S. Language Testing in Practice [ M ]. Oxford, England : Oxford University Press, 1996.
6Bailey K M. Working for washback: A review of the washback concept in language testing [ J].Language Testing, 1996:13, 257-79,
7Charge N. IELTS. July 29, 2005 AILA, Wisconsin.
8Cheng L. Impact, Washback and Consequences of the "Big Tests". July 29, 2005 AILA, Wisconsin.
9Cheng L, Watanabe Y and Curtis A ( Eds. ).Washback in Language Testing: Research Contexts and Methods [ M ]. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 2004.
10Cheng L and Qi L. Description and examination of the National Matriculation English Test [ J ].Language Assessment Quarterly, 2006: 3, 53 -67.
