集群演化、企业迁移与制造业集群升级——以慈溪家电产业集群为例

Evolution of Clusters, Industry Transfer and the Upgrade of Manufacturing Industry Cluster: Taking the Appliance Industry Cluster in Cixi as an example

本文立足于产业集群微观企业战略层面,分析了集群内部企业的演化机制和升级策略,发现产业集群在微观层面的升级大致遵循集群迁移式升级、集群分拆式升级与集群整合式升级三种形式。在对宁波慈溪家电产业集群企业进行系统问卷调研的基础上,实证检验了影响慈溪集群企业外迁的因素,发现慈溪家电产业集群企业迁移是一种外生式迁移模式,劳动力成本、市场接近度、土地获取成本和当地产业优惠政策等显著地影响了企业的外迁倾向。资源禀赋的差异使慈溪产业集群集聚的离心力大于向心力,这制约了慈溪产业集聚初期的前端和后端联系的累进循环机制地形成,使慈溪家电产业集群面临新一轮在集群外部和集群内部的分工协作。

Based on the strategical level of industry clusters, this thesis analyzes the evolutionary mechanism and strategies of upgrade of enterprises in a cluster. We find that the upgrade of industry clusters can be realized through the following ways, namely, cluster transfer, cluster partition and cluster integration. After we conduct a survey with question-naires within the appliance industry cluster in Cixi, Ningbo, we investigate empirically factors influencing the industry transfer in Cixi and find that it is an exogenous transfer model influenced by labor cost, market proximity, land cost and the local preferences. The inner deviations among enterprises cause more centrifugal force than centripetal force, which has restricted the formation of gradual cycling mechanism in the beginning of industry cluster in Cixi and has caused the la-bor division and cooperation both within and outside of the cluster.