《合同法》视角下遗赠扶养协议主体探析

On the Main Part of Legacy-Support Agreement from the Perspective of Contract Law

遗赠扶养协议制度与遗嘱和遗赠制度有本质的区别。它是遗赠人和扶养人达成的遗赠财产与扶养行为的对价交换，是一种财产性合同，应受我国《合同法》的约束。然而从我国《继承法》第三十一条确立的遗赠扶养协议制度来看，该制度仍然主要发挥着减轻国家养老压力的社会保障功能，而不是作为法律层面的平等主体间的财产性民事合同。因此，在合同法的视角下，从合同的主体和内容两方面对该制度进行修订．以使落后的法律制度跟进经济社会发展，就显得迫在眉睫。

There are essential differences between the legacy-support agreement system and the will and bequest system. It is a property contract with an exchange of bequest for support between the legatee and the dependent, which shall be subject to China＇s Contract Law. But according to the legacy-support agreement system stipulated in Article 31 of Chinese Inheritance Law, it mainly plays the role of easing the country＇ s pension pressure, instead of a civil contract of property among the equal subjects. Therefore, according to the Contract Law, it is necessary and urgent to improve the legislation and modification work from two aspects, the subject and the content, so as to keep the backward law system to stay abreast with the development of social economy.