生物炭的土壤环境效应及其重金属修复应用的研究进展

Soil Environmental Influence of Biochar and Its Application in Soil Heavy Metal Restoration

生物炭独特的理化性质使其具有较高的稳定性及一定的吸附能力和阳离子交换能力(CEC),同时还兼有使用成本低、技术原理简单、环境友好性突出等特点,不仅可解决土壤污染问题,还可以为农村过剩生物质处理提供解决途径,近年来生物炭在土壤污染修复治理方面的应用研究倍受关注。概述了生物炭的理化特性以及环境特性,着重介绍了生物炭在提高土壤CEC、提升土壤pH值、增加土壤有机质(SOM)含量、提高微生物活性等方面的环境效应与土壤重金属迁移性之间的关系;对今后生物炭对土壤重金属迁移性及生物有效性的影响研究进行了展望,提出在进一步研究中,不仅要对不同生物质原材料、制备条件下的生物炭进行对比研究,还要根据土壤重金属污染的具体情况(土壤自身理化条件、重金属种类、含量、形态),结合测土施肥的基本原理,对生物炭的土壤重金属修复能力进行长期、系统的研究。

Biochar with unique physicochemical property is of higher stability,and a certain adsorption and cation exchange capacity（CEC）and the characteristics of lower use cost,simple technical principle and good environmental friendlier,which not only solves soil pollution problem,but also provides the solving way for treatment of rural surplus biomass.Therefore,the researchers pay close attention to application of biochar in restoration of polluted soil.The authors review biochar physicochemical property and environmental characteristics,highlight the relationship between environmental effect of increasing soil CEC,soil pH,soil organic matter content,microbial activity and soil heavy metals mobility,prospect the effect of biochar on soil heavy metals mobility and biological effectiveness,and propose that further research keys should include comparative study of different biochar from different biomass raw materials under the preparation condition and soil heavy metals restoration capacity of biochar according to specific circumstances of soil heavy metals pollution（soil itself physicochemical condition,and type,content and morphology of heavy metal）based on the basic principle of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation.