油茶果脱壳装置设计及试验

Design and test of dehulling machine for Camellia oleifera fruit

为提高油茶果脱壳率和降低茶籽破损率,采用撞击、搓擦原理,设计了一种油茶果脱壳装置。该装置由喂料斗、脱壳装置、动力传输部件、机架等构成,通过立式甩盘的撞击以及脱壳室内齿圈的搓擦进行脱壳,能适用含水率在65%以下的油茶鲜果脱壳。确立了影响脱壳的主要因素是甩盘转速和喂料量,并进行了脱壳试验。结果表明,随着甩盘转速的增大,脱壳率及破损率显著增加,而随着喂料量的增大,脱壳率先增加后降低,破损率变化相对较小。该脱壳装置适宜的工作参数为:甩盘转速为700 r/min左右;喂料量控制在500 kg/h左右,在此条件下,脱壳率能达到85.3%,破损率为6.5%左右。

To improve dehulling rate and reduce the damage rate, a dehulling machine for Camellia oleifera fruit was designed according to the principle of impacting and rubbing. The machine consists of feed hopper, dehulling device, power transmission parts, rack and so on. It adopts impacting of centrifugal plate and rubbing of indoor ring gear for dehulling, which can adapt to the moisture content less than 65% and different sizes of the camellia fruit. The main factors influenced dehulling were established, which includes plate rotating speed and feeding rate, and a shell test was carried out. The results showed the dehulling rate and damage rate increased significantly with the increase of rotating speed. By contrast, with the increase of feeding speed, the dehulling rate increased first and then decreased and the change of damage rate was relatively small. The suitable working parameters of the dehulling machine are as follows： The rotating speed should be about 700 r/min, and feeding speed about 500 kg/h. The dehulling rate could reach 85.3% and the failure rate about 6.5% under this condition.