干旱半干旱地区藓结皮人工培养研究进展

A Review on the Studies of Moss Crust Artificial Cultivation in Arid and Semi-arid Region

在干旱半干旱地区,以藓类植物为优势物种的生物结皮,在抗风蚀、水蚀及增强土壤肥力等方面发挥着重要的作用。近年来随着人们对干旱半干旱地区生态环境的重视,藓结皮人工培养及其在土壤沙漠化防控方面的应用备受关注。从藓类植物的繁殖生物学、生长发育特点、藓结皮形成的影响因素及后期维持能力等方面综述了藓结皮人工培养的研究现状及主要进展,研究表明在室内和野外环境可成功构建藓结皮,然而其后期维持能力较差;藓结皮形成影响因素的研究多于室内环境下完成,野外环境下影响因素研究少见。将室内和野外培养方法相互结合,快速有效的培养藓结皮,是未来研究的重点。

In arid and semi-arid areas,moss crust play important ecological roles,such as improving soil resistance to wind and water erosion and enhancing soil fertility.In recent years,many studies have focused on artificial culture of moss crusts and its application in desertification control.This paper reviewed the research status and achievements on artificial moss crust cultivation in recent decades from the the aspects of reproductive biology,characteristics of growth and development of mosses,factors that affect the formation of moss crust and maintenance ability.Researches demonstrated that moss crusts could be successfully constructed in indoor and outdoor environment.However,this kind of moss crust performs poorly in maintenance ability.The majority of research for factors that affect the formation of moss crust was conducted in indoor environment,the influence mechanism in outdoor was not entirely clear.The research should be focused on how to combine the indoor training methods with the field methods,and to cultivate the moss crusts successfully in a fast and effective way.