当代美国假释制度的新发展

On the Latest Development of the Contemporary American Parole System

美国假释制度近30年的发展历程有三个成长代。第一代假释执行的方式主要是监视、面谈等,假释基本上等同于释放;第二代假释执行方式将假释人员置于矫正项目中,突出了矫正;第三代假释执行引入了行为管理方法。与之比较,可看出我国的假释现状与其第一代相类似,必然制约假释的推行,导致"假释难"。如果像其第二代、第三代那样,建立起一个完整的、具有科学性和有效性的矫正系统,"假释难"将迎刃而解。

This article makes an overview of the parole system in America , especially the latest development in recent 30 years.It concludes that the parole system in America can be categorized into three phases： in the first phase, the main methods of parole execution are monitoring , interviews, etc., so parole is basically equivalent to release;in the second phase , the parole execution puts the parolees in the correction programs , in which correction stands out;in the third phase , the parole execution has introduced the method of behavior management .By con-trast, the parole in China is similar to American parole in the first phase , that is, parole has great difficulty in its promotion .Therefore , if China can set up a complete , scientific and effective correction system similar to American parole in its second and third phases ,＂the difficulty in parole＂ will be readily solved .