侮辱罪构成要件中“公然”的理解

The Explanation of "Public" Element in the Crime of Insult

名誉权是人格权的重要组成部分。在现代社会中,名誉权的保护对个人乃至整个社会的发展与稳定具有重要意义。刑法作为对名誉权保护的最后手段,具有谦抑性的特征,加之法益冲突的存在,因此对名誉权的刑法保护范围应作限制。侮辱罪中"公然"要件的设立就是合理限制刑法对名誉权保护范围的表现。然而,司法实践中对"公然"的理解存在不同的意见,尤其是对究竟是"行为的公然"还是"结果的公然"存在分歧,造成了一定程度上的混乱。通过具体分析"公然"要件的含义可知,公然应当是针对行为而言的,不存在"结果的公然"。此外,为了防止不当扩大刑法对名誉权的保护范围,还应限制传播性理论的适用。

Right of reputation is an important component of personality rights .In modern society , the protection of reputation right has significant meanings for both individuals and society .As the last protection line , Criminal Law should be modest .Considering the conflicts among legal interests , the scope of protection by Criminal Law should be limited .That＇s the reason why we have created the ＂public＂ element in the crime of insult .However , there are different explanations of the ＂public＂ element in judicial practice , such as whether the public in ＂behav-ior＂ or the ＂result＂.Through analyzing the definition of ＂public＂, we have made an agreement that it means the behavior not the result .In addition , in order to prevent the protection scope of reputation right from undue expan-sion, we should also restrict the application of communication theory .