基于经典力学与有限元的交通事故再现分析法

Analysis method for traffic accident reconstruction based on both classical mechanics and finite element

为实现汽车碰撞过程与碰撞变形的微观仿真再现,将有限元与经典力学分析方法相结合,应用实际事故案例,构建事故车辆的有限元模型并进行碰撞仿真试验,分析汽车碰撞过程中的速度变化特性、变形形成过程、应力分布状态与能量转化规律。对比碰撞分离瞬间汽车速度的有限元分析结果和经典力学模型计算结果,同时对比仿真变形与汽车实际变形,验证方法的可靠性。研究表明,经典力学方法能够为有限元分析提供初始动力学参数,而有限元方法能够更加微观细致地再现碰撞过程与碰撞变形。

In order to realize microcosmic simulation and reconstruction of vehicle collision process and collision deformation,finite element analysis method and classical mechanics analysis method were combined. For an actual accident case,the finite element simulation models of accident vehicles were constructed,and a simulation experiment was also conducted. During the simulation experiment,the characteristic of velocity variation,the forming process of deformation,the state of stress distribution and law of energy transformation of vehicles were analyzed. The finite element analysis result and classical mechanics model calculation result of vehicle＇s velocities at moment of separation were analyzed comparatively. The vehicle simulation deformation and actual deformation were also analyzed comparatively. So the reliability of this combination method was verified. The research results show that classical mechanics method can provide initial kinetic parameters for finite element analysis,and finite element method can reconstruct the collision process and deformation more microscopically and meticulously.