冲击载荷作用下工业安全帽防护性能研究

Study on protection performance under impact loads of industrial safety helmets

利用落锤装置,测试不同材料和不同老化程度的工业安全帽在冲击荷载作用下的防护性能。依据安全帽受冲击荷载时头模所受峰值力和安全帽自身能量吸收率2个参数,讨论其抗冲击防护性能。研究结果表明:在常规冲击荷载作用下,标准材料安全帽能很好地吸收冲击能量,吸收率达到60%以上,可以有效保护头部,而劣质材料安全帽能量吸收率不足30%。随着冲击荷载力的逐步增大,标准材料安全帽抗冲击能力快速降低;当落锤高度超过110 cm时,安全帽保护作用将不能达到要求。塑料材质安全帽使用年限达到2.5 a,玻璃钢材质安全帽使用达到3 a,抗冲击性能明显降低,保护作用将不能达到要求。

Protection performance under impact loads of industry helmets of different material or different aging degree,were tested by using a drop hammer impact system. The influence of shock loads on mechanical properties and energy absorption rate of helmets were discussed on basis of both maximum force suffered by head model and energy absorption rate. The results show that standard helmets absorb impact energy well（ their energy absorption rate is better than 60%） so as to confer effective protection function while inferior helmets perform poor impact resistance（ their energy absorption rate is less than 30%）,that impact properties of standard helmets decrease quickly while impact load increases gradually,and helmets will not meet the requirements when drop hammer rose to 110 cm,and that impact resistance of both plastic safety helmets used for more than 2. 5 years and glass steel safety helmet used for more than 3 years is obviously reduced,their protective effect cannot meet requirements.