略论我国占有诉讼的提起及其适用程序

On the Action of Possessory Litigation and Suitable Procedure in China

占有是主体对物控制支配的事实,并非民事权利。占有诉讼是作为占有核心法律效果的占有保护请求权行使的诉讼表现,其重于事实秩序维护,要求迅速进行并与本权诉讼不竞合。占有诉讼的提起不能按照实体条件要求,搞先审后立。在实体法完善占有制度的同时,占有诉讼也需要进行程序规范。借助解释论将占有案件纳入简易程序审理可作为权宜之计,诉讼法完善时应将占有保护案件明确列为适用简易程序的案件类型。长远看,可考虑将占有诉讼程序问题在民事诉讼法中确立相对独立的制度,以体现占有保护这类事实争议与普通权利争议处理上的不同,丰富民事诉讼的制度体系。

The possession is a fact that a subject controls and arranges an object and it does not mean a civil right.Possessory litigation refers to an action that the possessor of the key law effect requests protecting his or her right,which put the actual order ahead and requires that the action be taken at once and don＇t conflict with the original right litigation.The initiation of the possessory litigation is not applicable to the substantiality condition and accordingly complies with the order of trying before filing.When the substantive law completes the possessory system,the possessory litigation is required to follow it to perfect the according procedures.According to the theory of interpretation,a temporary method can be used that the possessory case is analogized into the summary procedure.When the procedural law is completed,the case of possession protection is definitely arranged into the case try of the summary procedure.From long term,it is worth setting up a relative independent system in the civil procedure law for the possessory litigation procedure,and this reflects the differences between the actual debate of the possession protection and the one of common rights and then enriches the system of the civil procedures.