唐代社会保障体系的现代启示

Modern revelation of social security system in Tang Dynasty

唐代虽是我国封建社会的鼎盛时期,但因其生产力水平较低下,普通民众的生活仍较艰难,一旦出现天灾人祸,贫寒、饥困、病残、老弱等就成为严重的社会问题。如何消减社会中存在的不稳定因素,实现长治久安的统治秩序,是古今统治者所必须直面的社会治理问题。在吸取前人经验的基础上,以封建等级制度为背景,唐代建立了以封建政府为主导,包含家庭、家族、乡里村社及行会等其他社会自治组织和民间行为的多主体、多层次、水平较低的社会保障体系。对其进行法律史学研究,或能对当下社会保障制度的建立与完善起到借鉴作用。

Although Tang Dynasty was in a period of great prosperity of feudal society in China, the life of ordinary people was still tough. Once natural calamities and man-made mischief occurred, the poor and the poverty-stricken, the hungry and the sleepless, the sick and the disabled, the old and the weak, etc. had become the serious social problem. How to reduce the factors of instability existed in society and realize the everlasting political order has been an issue of social governance that the ancient and modern rulers must face. Based on the experience of predecessors, under the background of feudal hierarchy, the Tang Dynasty established the multi-subject, multi-layered, but low-level social security system, which was led by government and included family, clan, rural organizations, guild, and other social autonomous organizations and civil entities, etc. To research the legal history of it may have the reference role of the establishment and improvement of current social security system.