无核小枣与金丝小枣授粉受精过程的观察

Observation of pollination and fertilization of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.'Jinsixiaozao'and Z.jujuba Mill.'Wuhexiaozao'

为揭示枣果实胚败育和无核机理,采用常规石蜡切片法对胚败育严重的‘无核小枣72号’和‘金丝小枣11号’的授粉受精过程进行了系统观察研究。结果表明:‘无核小枣72号’和‘金丝小枣11号’都能进行正常的授粉受精,其过程基本一致,在相同的环境条件下,‘无核小枣72号’的胚乳核形成及解体稍晚于‘金丝小枣11号’。‘无核小枣72号’和‘金丝小枣11号’受精的胚珠由于胚乳核和幼胚(球形胚)的早期退化导致败育,从而产生无仁果实。授粉受精对枣核的发育没有影响。

To reveal the mechanism of embryo abortion and fruit stoneless of Chinese jujube （Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ）, the pollination and fertilization processes of two cultivars of Z. ju- juba Mill. with serious embryo abortion, ＇Wuhexiaozao 72 ’ （stoneless） and ‘ Jinsixiaozao 11＇, were systematically examined by paraffin sectioning method. The results showed that the processes of pollination and fertilization of ＇Wuhexiaozao 72’ and ‘Jinsixiaozao 11’ were normal. Under the same environmental condition, endosperm nucleus formation and disinte- gration of ＇Wuhexiaozao 72＇ was later than ‘Jinsixiaozao 11’. The seedless of fruit attributed to the early degradation of endosperm nucleus and young embryo （globular embryo）. The pol- lination and fertilization were found having no effect on the development of the stone of Chi- nese jujube.