U形渠道圆头量水柱试验研究

Water-measuring Pillars with Round Head for U-shaped Channels

为了探讨U形渠道圆头量水柱这一新型量水设施的过槽水流水力特性,分析其实用性和适用性,通过对5种收缩比、3种顺流长度的圆头量水柱在U形渠道上的原型试验,分析了该量水设施在小型U形渠道的驻点水深与流量的关系,研究了收缩比对上游壅水高度、测流精度及上游佛汝德数的影响。结果表明：圆头量水柱收缩比对上游壅水高度和上下游水位差的影响较大,上游壅水高度和上下游水位差随收缩比的增大而减小;上游佛汝德数随流量和收缩比的增大而增大,且在试验范围内均满足测流规范的要求。由此可确定圆头量水柱最佳收缩比的范围为0.43~0.57,圆头量水柱对于U形断面渠道有良好的适用性。

To study the flow characteristics and analyze its applicability and usefulness of water-measuring pillars with round heads in the U-shaped channel .This paper analyzes the relationship between water flow and the stagnation of water depth in the small Ushaped channel ,the effect of shrinkage ratio on the upstream backwater ,flow measurement accuracy and upstream Froude number , through 5 kinds of contraction ratio and 3 downstream lengths by testing the U-shaped channel .The results show that the shrinkage ratio greatly influences the upstream backwater height ,the water level difference and the upstream Froude number ,the upstream backwater height and the water level difference has grown larger as the shrinkage ratio decreases .The upstream Froude number increases with the increase in the contraction ratio ,which can meet the specification requirements within the scope of the test .Thus we can determine the optimal contraction ratio in the range of 0 .43 to 0 .57 ,and the water-measuring pillar with round heads has good applicability to the U-shaped channel .