我国北方高产春玉米品种钾素利用特性研究

Potassium Use Characteristics of Spring Maize Hybrid with High-yielding Potential in the North of China

采用盆栽试验,系统聚类分析我国北方高产春玉米高产40个品种,分钾高效型(I)、钾中效型(II)及钾低效型(III),II型品种最多(57.5%),III型品种次之(25%),I型品种最少(17.5%)。3个类型品种子粒的钾素含量以钾低效型品种最高,钾高效型品种最低;子粒的钾素积累分配以钾高效型品种最高,钾低效型品种最低。根茎叶的钾含量及钾素积累量在开花期和成熟期无显著差异;成熟期茎秆的钾素分配比例以钾高效型品种最高(p<0.05),钾中效型和钾低效型品种无显著差异。钾高效型品种的钾素干物质生产效率、钾偏生产力、钾收获指数、钾转移量和钾转移效率显著高于其他2类型品种。相关和通径分析表明,钾素干物质生产效率和粒重与钾素子粒生产效率显著相关。

Forty maize hybrids with high-yielding potential in the north of China currently were analyzed by system cluster analysis in the pots experiment. And the type I was high efficiency, the type II was moderate efficien- cy, the type III was low efficiency, respectively. The ratio of type II was 57.5%, the highest among these 3 types, but type I was only 17.5% lower than type III（25%）. The grain potassium content of type III was the highest among these 3 types, and the lowest in type I. The grain potassium accumulation and distribution of type I were the highest among these 3 types, and the lowest in type III. For these three-type maize hybrids, potassium content and potassi- um accumulation of root, stalks and leaves were not different significantly at flowering stage and maturity stage. At maturity stage, the potassium distributions to stalks of type I were the highest（p〈0.05）, but not different significantly between type II and type III. Accordingly, the potassium dry matter production efficiency（KDMPE）, potassium har- vest index（KHI）, potassium partial productivity（KFP）, potassium transportation amount（KTA）, transportation efficien- cy（KTE） of type I were significantly higher than type II and III in this trial. Furthermore, correlation and path analy- sis provided that KDMPE and grain weight were significantly correlated to KGPE.