逆向研发外包与企业创新绩效:基于汽车产业的实证研究

Reverse R&D Outsourcing and Innovative Performance:An Empirical Study Based on Automobile Industry

作为嵌入全球创新网络的重要方式，逆向研发外包已成为我国企业驱动创新的战略选择。本文首先从创新资源寻求的视角，结合汽车产业发展的特征性事实，分析了海外研发合作、设立研发中心、并购等逆向研发外包三个维度的创新效应，然后进一步利用汽车上市公司2007-2012年的面板数据，采用固定效应及稳健性回归分析，发现设立海外研发中心和海外并购对创新绩效提升具有显著作用，吸收能力对海外研发中心或海外研发合作与创新绩效的正向关系具有显著的正向调节作用。这些结论为开放式创新背景下新兴市场国家的企业“走出去”布局海外研发具有重要启示。

As an important way embedding in the global innovative network, the reverse R＆D outsourcing has become a strategic choice for China＇ s corporations to drive the innovation. From the perspective of seeking innovative resources, this paper analyzes the innovative effects of three aspects, including the overseas R＆D cooperation, the establishment of R＆D centers and mergers and acquisitions by taking into consideration of the reality in the automobile industry. Furthermore, according to the models of fixed effect and robust regression, the paper uses the panel data of listed automobile corporations for the period 2007-2012, revealing that the R＆D centers and overseas mergers and acquisitions have significantly positive impacts on the innovative performance. In addition, it is also found that the absorptive capacity positively moderates the positive relationship between the R＆D cooperation or R＆D centers and the innovative performance. The conclusions have important references for the corporations of emerging markets to “go global” to develop overseas R＆D in the background of open innovation.