铁路客运站建筑空间的构成及演变

Composition and Evolution of Building Space in Railway Passenger Station

空间是建筑构成的基本要素,对典型的交通建筑——铁路客运站的建筑空间形式构成及演变历程进行研究。铁路客运站整体建筑空间按功能划分为交通功能空间、交通辅助空间、交通服务空间和城市服务空间,通过阐述交通功能空间的构成,分析站场、旅客站房、站前广场3大交通功能分区的建筑空间形态演变,将铁路客运站总体建筑空间布局的演变历程划分为以站场空间为主体,站房、站场、站前广场平面布局,站房、站场、站前广场立体布局,交通综合体建筑空间布局,城市综合体建筑空间布局5个阶段。

Space is the basic factor of building composition, so this paper makes study on the building space form composition and evolution process of the typical traffic building--railway passenger station. According to the space functions, the overall building space of railway passenger station could be divided into traffic functional space, traffic auxiliary space, traffic service space and city service space. This paper expounds the composition of traffic functional space, analyzes the form evolution of building space in the aspects of 3 major traffic functional divisions, such as station yard, passenger station building and station square, and divides the evolution process of overall building space layout in railway passenger station into 5 stages, including： taking station yard space as the dominant; making plane layout of station building, station yard and station square; making three- dimensional layout of the station building, station yard and station square; making building space layout of traffic complex; and making building space layout of city complex.