外来入侵种薇甘菊在惠州的分布与危害

The distribution and hazard of invasive species Mikania micrantha Kunth in Huizhou

采用植物样方调查与实地调查相结合的方法,对外来入侵种薇甘菊在惠州的分布与危害进行了调查与分析,结果表明:惠州市2008年薇甘菊的入侵面积为1 847 hm2,2009年就达到了18 553 hm2,仅1 a的时间,入侵面积增加了10倍之多,入侵的县(市、区)也从4个增加到5个,入侵速度十分惊人;薇甘菊侵害的最大群落是灌木林、人工林和果树林,易在林缘、果园、溪河岸、公路和铁路沿线、低洼潮湿的空旷地区和城镇的绿化地生长,而且生长迅速。薇甘菊的危害特点是遇草覆盖、遇树攀援,导致被攀援的灌木、小乔木和十多米高的大树被严密覆盖,最终因无法进行正常的光合作用而窒息死亡。可采用人工防除、化学防除、生物防除、生态防除、天敌防除等方法进行全面综合治理。

The distribution and hazard of invasive species Mikania micrantha Kunth in Huizhou was investigated and analyzed by the combination of quadrat investigation and field investigation .The result showed that the invasion area of Mikania micrantha Kunth was 1847 hm2 in Huizhou in 2008 while it was 18553 hm2 in 2009.The invasion area increased by more than 10 times in 1 years.The invased county（city, district） increased from 4 to 5.The invasion velocity was astonishing.The largest population which was invaded by Mikania micrantha Kunth were shrubwood, forest plantation and orchard. It was easy to grow in forest edge , orchard, banks of river, highway and along railway , low-lying and humid open space and green area .The hazard of Mikania micrantha Kunth leaded to the shrub , arbor and tall trees were covered because of its hazard characteristic of covering grass and climbing trees .It would be dead because it can not carry the photosynthesis . The methods of labor control , chemical control , biology control , ecology control and natural enemy control .