孟子勇德思想探析

Analysis of "the Yong Thought" of Mencius

虽然勇并不是孟子思想中四德之一,但在孟子德性思想中占有重要的地位。孟子认为人应摈弃血气之勇,应好大勇,追求不动心之勇,追求符合德性的义理之勇,这种勇符合道义和大节,是敢于担当的道德之勇。在修养上,孟子主张以气养勇,以义配勇,主张"舍生取义","习""气""志"与勇密切结合,这样勇德就成为情感与行动相统一的德性,使勇德成为其最高的道德人格中重要的一部分。

Although Yong, or braveness in English, is among Mencius＇four virtues doctrine, it is fairly important in the Mencius virtue theory. In Mencius＇opinion, people should abandon brute courage and keep great courage instead; whoever is really brave will be unperturbed when faced with temptation, and always try to meet the requirements of virtues in his brave deeds. This kind of courage is in line with the morality and is what a really virtuous and responsible man should maintain. On cultivation, Mencius advocated that Yong（courage） should be supported by Qi （temperament） and matched with righteousness, and ＂sacrificing life for righteousness＂, and also ＂Xi＂（practice）, ＂Qi＂ （temperament）, ＂Zhi＂ （ambition） should be closely combined with courage, in which way the virtue of courage will become the unity of emotion and action, hence an important part of the highest moral personality.