海口市儿童计划免疫接种率及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the planned children vaccination coverage rate and Its influence factors in Haikou

目的调查我市儿童计划免疫接种情况并分析其影响因素,以进一步提高儿童计划免疫接种率。方法按照人口比例在我市四区选取在2011年1月1日至2012年1月1日间出生的儿童300名。对其进行入户调查,查询儿童计划免疫接种情况及家庭基本情况,并对影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果儿童计划基础免疫(卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、麻疹疫苗、百白破混合制剂和乙肝疫苗)单苗或"五苗"接种率均在95%以上,加强型免疫(百白破,麻腮风)接种率和省级增加的国家免疫规划疫苗(流脑疫苗、甲肝疫苗)接种率分别为71.33%和63.67%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,户口所在地、父母学历、各疫苗接种时间、家长对加强疫苗和省级增加疫苗态度是影响儿童计划免疫接种率的主要因素。结论海口市儿童计划基础免疫接种率较高,覆盖率较广,但是加强免疫接种和省级增加的国家免疫规划疫苗接种率较低,应针对其主要影响因素制定相应措施,提高加强型疫苗和省级增加的疫苗接种率。

Objective To investigate the planned children vaccination coverage rate in Haikou city and its influence factors in order to increase vaccination rate for children. Methods According to the proportion of population in four districts of our city, 300 children who were born between January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2012 have been surveyed randomly on the vaccination rates of EPI（Expanded Programme on Immunization）, covering items such as the vaccination state, basic family situation. Logistic regression was used for single and multiple influence factors.Results The basic children＇s vaccination coverage rate of EPI（BCG, DPT, OPV, Hep B and MV） was above 95% for ＂single vaccine＂ or ＂five vaccines＂, while the rates of strengthened vaccinations（DTP, MMR） and national immunization program（NIP） vaccinations（ECM vaccine, Hep A） were 71.33% and 63.67% respectively. The multi-factors Logistic regression analysis showed that residences, parents＇ education level, schedule for vaccinations and parents＇ attitudes toward strengthened and NIP vaccinations were the major factors for the rates. Conclusion The basic children＇s vaccination coverage rate is high, while the rates of strengthened and NIP vaccinations are low in Haikou. Positive measures should be enacted against influence factors to improve strengthened and NIP vaccinations rates.