心理学研究方法的哲学思考

Philosophical thinking of Research Methods in Psychology

以神经心理学、认知神经科学为主要研究方法的"自然主义"、"实证主义"的心理学研究,在当前成为心理学研究方法的主流。然而,这种还原式的研究方法脱离了"心"的本质,离开了心理现象形成的整体性、文化性和社会性。所以,以质性研究为主导,以整体性、非还原性、内省性为前提,以质性与量性相结合的方法来研究心理现象,既可以保证心理研究的信度,也可以确保外部效度和生态效度。

Psychological research of“Naturalism”and“Positivism”has become the mainstream in the filed of psychology research methods at present,which take neural psychology and cognitive neuroscience as its main research methods.However,the reductionist research method breaks away from the nature of “heart” and the integrality,cultural and sociality of psychological phenomenon. So,using the method to study psychological phenomenon not only can guarantee the reliability of psychological research,but also can ensure the external validity and ecological validity.And the method has some characteristics such as qualitative research-dominated;to the premise of integrity,irreducibility and introspective;combining qualitative methods with quantitative methods.