冬小麦穗部性状的配合力及遗传性分析

Combining Ability and Heritability Analysis of Spike Characters in Winter Wheat

为了解小麦穗部性状的配合力,为杂交育种选择优良亲本提供依据,选用‘石4185’、‘石H06-402’、‘济麦22’等9个黄淮麦区广泛推广的小麦品种为材料,采用Griffing完全双列杂交方法4,配制了36个杂交组合,对小麦杂种F1的穗长、结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重5个性状进行了田间考察。在此基础上对9个小麦品种进行了配合力分析,并对5个性状进行了遗传性分析。结果表明,‘石H06-402’和‘烟农19’穗粒数的一般配合力效应值较高,作亲本时都可增加后代的穗粒数;‘石4185’和‘济麦22’千粒重的一般配合力效应值较高,是提高千粒重的理想亲本。利用它们作亲本时都可有效提高后代的穗粒重。组合济麦22/运麦08-1、石H06-402/良星66和石4185/济麦22可作为大穗高产育种的重点组合。遗传力分析表明,穗长具有较高的遗传决定度和狭义遗传力,可在早代进行选择。穗粒重和千粒重狭义遗传力较低,加性效应较小,应适当推迟选择。小穗数和穗粒数的遗传符合显性模型,对其选择宜在高代进行。

In order to study the combining ability of spike characters in winter wheat and select excellentparents for breeding, with 9 wheat varieties planted widely in Huang-huai wheat area of‘shi4185＇,‘shi H06-402＇,‘jimai22＇etc. as material, 36 cross combinations were compounded based on the diallel crossing system4 of Griffing. Five wheat traits of spike length, kertile spikelets per spike, kernel per spike, thousand kernelweight and grain weight per spike were investigated, and on this basis combining ability analysis andheritability analysis were conducted on these traits. The results indicated that the general combining ability ofkernel per spike of‘shi H06-402＇and‘yannong19＇were remarkably high, which could increase kernel perspike of progenies, and of thousand kernel weight of‘shi4185＇and‘jimai22＇was obviously large, which wereideal parents for improving thousand kernel weight. As parents, these varieties could effectively improve grainweight per spike. jimai22×yunmai18, shi H06-402×liangxing66, shi4185×jimai22 could be utilized as keycross for high- yield breeding. The heritability analysis showed that both heritability in broad sense andheritability in narrow sense of spike length were higher, and selection on this trait should be conducted fromearlier generation. Heritability in narrow sense of thousand kernel weight and grain weight per spike wascomparatively low, it showed that their additive genetic effect was small, so it was better to delay selectivegenerations appropriately. Inheritance of kertile spikelets per spike and kernel per spike agreed withdominance model, selection on the two traits should be conducted in advanced generation.