春季低温冻害对核桃相关性状变异系数的影响

The Effect of Spring Low Temperature Freezing Injury on Relative Character Variation Coefficient of Walnut

为有效抵御春季低温冻害,提高核桃的稳产性(年际间),在山西隰县采用定株定枝观察方法,开展了春季低温冻害对核桃相关性状变异系数的研究。结果表明,不同品种间的混合芽+叶芽和雄花芽避低温冻害性不同,但各品种混合芽+叶芽、雄花芽死亡率均值表现为雄花芽>混合芽+叶芽;春季低温冻害对树体不同部位枝组相关性状的变异系数为副芽枝率>雌花座果率>结果枝率>开雌花枝条率>枝条座果率>树冠新枝率;不同品种间相关性状的变异系数为副芽枝率>结果枝率>开雌花枝条率>枝条座果率>雌花座果率>树冠新枝率。该项研究为吕梁山低山丘陵区核桃抵御春季低温冻害、实现稳产提供了理论依据。

In order to efficiently resist the spring low temperature freezing injury and improve the stable yieldstability（between years）, the study was conducted on spring low temperature freezing injury influence onrelative character variation coefficient of walnut. The result showed that, the mixed bud＋ leaf bud and maleflower bud had different resisting ability to low temperature freeing among distinct varieties, but the bud deathrate exhibited a trend of male flower bud〉 mixed bud＋ leaf bud. The related character variation coefficient ofbranches in different position was subsidiary bud branch rate〉 female flower fertile fruit rate〉 fertile fruit branch rate 〉bloom female flower branch rate 〉fertile fruit rate of branch new branch of tree crown rate. Therelated character variation coefficient of different varieties was subsidiary bud branch rate fertile fruit rate ofbranch bloom female flower branch rate fertile fruit rate of branch female flower fertile fruit rate newbranch of tree crown rate. The study provided theoretical basis on resisting spring low temperature freezinginjury to achieve stable production of walnut in low mountain and hills areas of Lvliang Mountain.