心理咨询师的决策风格与伦理决策行为

Counselors' decision-making style and their ethical decision-making attitude

目的：了解咨询师的决策风格与其伦理决策行为的关系.方法：选取高校心理咨询师89名,采用一般决策风格问卷（GDMS）调查咨询师的决策风格、自编伦理情境问卷（包括胜任力与无伤害、保密与青少年伦理、双重关系与避免非法利用、知情同意、隐私权与保密性、价值中立6个情景）调查咨询师的伦理决策行为.结果：咨询师GDMS的4个维度得分依次为理智型（20.2±2.8）、依赖型（16.3±3.9）、直觉-冲动型（14.2±2.6）和逃避型（11.9±4.4）.咨询师对“保密与青少年伦理”、“双重关系与避免非法利用”、“隐私权与保密性”、“价值中立”4个情境的态度较一致（同意或不同意比例为71.9％～98.9％）,“胜任力与无伤害”、“知情同意”2个情境的态度差异较大（同意比例分别为46.1％和56.2％）.年龄与理智型、依赖型和逃避型得分呈负相关（r=-0.27、-0.29、-0.29,均P＜0.05）.回归分析显示,依赖型在“胜任力与无伤害”、“保密与青少年伦理”、“隐私权与保密性”3个情境正向预测咨询师的态度（OR=0.84、0.72、0.81,均P＜0.05）.结论：对于伦理情境的决策,咨询师表现出较强的伦理意识和较为一致的伦理态度;依赖型得分高的咨询师更容易受他人意见影响.

Objective：To explore the relationship of counselors＇decision-making style and their ethical decision-making attitude.Methods：Totally 89 college counselors were assessed with the General Decision-Making Style （GDMS） questionnaire developed by Scott and Bruce in 1995 and the self-made ethical decision-making questionnaire designed for testing the subjects＇ethical attitude （including 6 ethical situations,namely competency and harmlessness,confidentiality and adolescents ethics,dual relationship and avoidance of illegal use,informed consent,privacy rights and confidentiality,value-neutrality）.Results：The decision-making style of counselors according to their scores of GDMS was rational style （20.2 ±2.8）,followed by dependent （16.3 ± 3.9）,intuitive-impulsive （14.2 ± 2.6） and avoidant style （11.9 ± 4.4）.Counselors＇attitude towards the 4 ethical situations showed high consistency on the confidentiality and adolescents ethics,dual relationship and avoidance of illegal use,privacy rights and confidentiality,value-neutrality situations （agreed or disagreed proportions were 71.9％ to 98.9％）.Counselors＇response differed greatly on ＂competency and harmlessness＂ and ＂informed consent＂ situations （agreed proportions were 46.1％ and 56.2％ respectively）.Age was negatively correlated with rational,dependent and avoidant styles scores （r =-0.27,-0.29,-0.29; Ps ＜ 0.05）.Regression coefficients of attitude of counselors scored higher on the dependent style,which were significant on the ＂competency and harmlessness＂,＂confidentiality and adolescents ethics＂,＂privacy rights and confidentiality＂ situations （OR =0.84,0.72,0.81; Ps ＜ 0.05）.Conclusion：Counselors show a strong sense of ethics and have consistent ethical attitude towards most of ethical situations.Counselors with higher scores on the dependent style are more susceptible to others.