心理咨询与心理治疗督导伦理的定性研究

Qualitative study on ethics in supervision of psychological counseling and therapy in China

目的:探索心理咨询与心理治疗督导师在督导经历中所面对的伦理情形以及伦理困境。方法:采用定性研究的深度访谈法,根据已有心理咨询与心理治疗伦理的研究文献、以往督导实践经验以及本研究目的拟定半结构式访谈提纲。6名被访者均为2006年首批通过中国心理学会临床与咨询心理学专业机构与专业人员注册系统认证的的注册督导师,且均有20年以上心理咨询和治疗的工作经验等。运用类属分析的方法对逐字转录所获得的访谈资料进行分析。结果:被访者认为督导的伦理议题有督导的胜任力、督导的双重关系、保护被督导者的责任等;督导伦理涉及发现和如何处理被督导者违反伦理的情形;督导中的特殊伦理问题与伦理困惑主要有:同一案例在"圈子"里被反复督导、跨学派督导、对专业不胜任的被督导者要承担的责任范围不清、对一些明确的伦理情境缺乏可参考处理的伦理规范等。结论:督导伦理涉及多个议题,并存在目前中国心理咨询与心理治疗发展过程中特有的伦理困境,需有针对性地加强督导伦理培训,并且制定明确可操作的督导伦理规范。

Objectives：To explore the ethical situations and dilemmas experienced by supervisors for psychological counseling and psychotherapy during the process of supervision.Methods：A qualitative study with in-depth interview was applied in this study.The interview outline was designed on the basis of the researches on psychological counseling and psychotherapy,experience of supervision practice and the purpose of this research.All of the six interviewees were registered supervisors of Clinical and Counseling Psychology Registration System of Chinese Psychological Society,and had been psychotherapists or counselors for more than twenty years.The audio recorded was transcribed and the transcript was analyzed using category analysis method.Results：According to the interviewed supervisors,supervisory ethics included supervisors＇ competence,multi-relationships,and the protection of supervisees,and so on.Besides,to point out and deal with the supervisees＇unethical behaviors was also included in supervisory ethics.Special ethical issues and ethical dilemmas in supervision were the same case might be supervised by different supervisors,cross-theoretical supervision,it＇s not clear that whether the supervisor were responsible for the incompetent supervisees or not,lacking codes of ethics for some specific ethical situations and so on.Conclusion：Supervisory ethics involve various issues,and there are special ethical dilemmas resulted from the specific development stage of psychological counseling and psychotherapy in China.It is necessary to clarify the code of ethics for supervision and enhance the training of ethics for supervisors.