2～3岁孤独谱系障碍儿童的脑弥散张量成像研究

Brain diffusion tensor imaging in 2- 3-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder

目的：对比分析2～3岁孤独谱系障碍儿童与发育迟缓（DD）儿童的脑白质纤维结构的异常.方法：对60例符合美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版（修订版）（DSM-Ⅳ-TR）诊断标准的孤独谱系障碍儿童（病例组）和35例年龄、性别、智商与之相匹配的发育障碍儿童（对照组）进行脑弥散张量成像扫描,应用基于体素的分析法比较两组全脑白质纤维结构的异常.结果：与对照组相比,孤独谱系障碍儿童胼胝体、后侧扣带、边缘叶、左侧颞下区、左侧颞中区、布罗德曼8区、右侧眶额叶下部、右侧额中区、右侧额上区等处白质各向异性值显著增大（P＜0.001,k≥10）.结论：与DD儿童相比,2～3岁孤独谱系障碍儿童呈现出多处脑白质纤维结构的异常,且与青少年期、成年期患者的异常形式有差异.

Objective：To analyze the white matter microstructure difference between 2-3-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and those with developmental delay.Methods：Sixty toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and 35 age-,gender-,and developmental quotient-matched toddlers with developmental delay （control group） between ages 2 to 3 years old were captured by brain diffusion tensor imaging.Voxel based analysis was used to analyze the white matter microstructure difference between the two groups.Results：Compared to toddlers with developmental delay,toddlers with autism spectrum disorder exhibited significantly higher fractioanl anisotropy in the white matter of corpus callosum,posterior cingulate,limbic lobe,left inferior temporal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus,brodmann area 8,right frontal inferior orbit,right middle frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus （P ＜ 0.001,k ≥ 10）.Conclusion：The findings indicate white matter microstructure is significantly abnormal in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and the deficits are different from adolescence and adult patients＇ form.