湖南湘西地区少数民族特困移民的心理症状现况调查

Psychological symptoms status in minority destitute immigrants in Xiangxi area of Hunan Province

目的:了解湖南省湘西地区土家族、苗族特困移民的心理症状与社会支持状况,并分析其相关危险因素。方法:在湘西州的国家特困移民解困避险试点县,选取特困移民家庭188户(其中土家族102户,苗族86户),每户选取1名家庭成员进行问卷调查。另外,选取同地的同民族常住居民110户为对照组(其中土家族63户,苗族47户)。用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查。结果:特困移民的心理障碍症状检出率高于常住居民(35.6%vs.24.5%,P<0.05),SSRS总分以及3个维度评分均低于常住居民组(均P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=4.84)、≥56岁(OR=3.01)是特困移民心理症状的危险因素,社会支持水平高(OR=0.17)是其保护因素。结论:少数民族特困移民的心理症状检出率较当地常住居民高,女性移民、高龄移民、低社会支持水平移民更易出现心理症状。

Objective：To explore the psychological symptoms and social support in minority destitute immigrants in the area of western Hunan and analyze the related factors.Methods：A sample of 188 families of minority destitute immigrants （102 Tujia families,86 Miao families） and 110 families of local residents （63 Tujia families,47 Miao families） were selected.The Symptom Check list-90 （SCL-90） was used to screen psychological disorder,and the Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） was used to evaluate social support.Results：The positive rate of SCL-90 in the minority destitute immigrants was higher than that in the local residents （35.6％ vs.24.5％,P ＜0.05）.Compared with the local residents,the minority destitute immigrants had lower scores of the three dimensions of SSRS and SSRS total scores （Ps ＜ 0.01）.Logistic regression analysis showed that female （OR =4.84） and having the age of ≥ 56 years （OR =3.01） were risk factors,and having higher scores of social support（OR =0.17）was protect factor.Conclusion：The positive rate of SCL-90 symptoms in the minority destitute immigrants is higher than that in the local residents,and the females and those with older age and lower level of social support are more likely to have psychological symptoms.