大气颗粒物水溶性重金属元素研究进展

Research progress on water-soluble heavy metal in atmospheric particulate mattters

以As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Mn、V、Pb和Zn为研究对象,总结历史及自身研究结果,从大气颗粒物水溶性重金属的分析方法、浓度水平、化合物形态、水溶性及其影响因素等方面进行分析.结果表明,发展中国家大气颗粒物水溶性重金属浓度较高,国内水溶性Zn和As污染严重,特别是As已超过国家空气质量标准中的浓度限值;大气中Zn、Pb、Cd、As和V的浓度和水溶性都较高(37.69%—58.65%),应受到广泛关注;大气颗粒物中重金属的水溶性主要受颗粒物粒径大小、酸碱性、重金属与颗粒物结合方式、金属化合物形态和来源的影响.研究结果可以为大气重金属污染控制和人体健康影响评估的开展提供理论基础.

The analytical methods, characterization, speciation, water solubility and influence factors on the solubility of water-soluble heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matters including As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Mn,V,Pb and Zn are summarized. The results showed that the levels of water-soluble heavy metals in the developing countries are higher than other countries. Atmospheric water-soluble Zn and As contents are high in China,especially water-soluble As,which is over the limit of the national air quality standards. The total concentration and water-solubility（ 37. 69% —58. 65%） of Zn,Pb,Cd,As and V in atmospheric particle are relatively high,so more attention should be paid to these heavy metals. Influence factors of the water solubility of heavy metals,such as particle size,acid-base properties of the particles,binding modes of metal element and particle,chemical speciation and sources of the metal elements,are also discussed in this paper. The results may provide a theoretical basis for atmospheric heavy metal pollution control and human health impact assessment.