重庆市某中型印染企业职业病危害因素调查及防护建议

Survey of occupational hazard factors in a medium-sized printing and dyeing enterprises of Chongqing City and protection suggestions

目的通过对重庆市某中型印染企业职业病危害因素的调查、检测与分析,提出该类企业职业病防护措施的建议及关键控制环节。方法采用职业卫生学调查和职业卫生检测法。结果生产过程中主要存在或产生高温、高湿、噪声、工频电场、紫外辐射、棉尘、煤尘、矽尘(煤渣尘)、电焊烟尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯胺、氯苯、氨、硫化氢、二氧化硫、硫酸、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、锰及其化合物、臭氧、一氧化碳、甲醛、乙酸、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、氯气、铅、铬重金属染料、拟除虫菊酯类化合物等职业病危害因素。检测结果:噪声30个操作岗位有1个岗位超标,高温指数检测11个岗位均超标,粉尘检测6个岗位,2个点的棉尘超标。化学毒物检测15个岗位,1个点苯超标。结论印染企业使用原辅料多,成分复杂,企业应加强对职业病危害的自身识别和管理,更应管控生产中粉尘、化学毒物关键控制环节及控制点,建议企业采取有效的综合措施加强管理和防护;加强应急救援措施及演练;夏季时加强防暑、降温、除湿措施。

[ Objective ] To investigate, detect and analyze the occupational hazard factors in a medium-sized printing and dyeing en- terprises of Chongqing City, put forward an advice for occupational protective measures and critical control points. [ Methods ] The occupational hygiene investigation and occupational health detection were adopted. [ Results ] The main occupational hazard factors in the production process included high temperature, high humidity, noise, frequency electric field, ultraviolet radiation, cotton dust, coal dust, silica dust, welding fumes, benzene, toluene, xylene, aniline, chlorobenzene, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, manganese and its compounds, ozone, carbon monoxide, formalde- hyde, acetic acid, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine, lead, chromium, heavy metal dye, and pyrethroids. The detection re- sults showed that 1 of 30 operating posts exceeded the standard for noise, all of 11 operating posts exceeded the standard for high temperature index, 2 of 6 dust-exposed posts exceeded the standard for cotton dust, and 1 of 15 chemical toxicant-exposed posts ex- ceeded the standard for benzene. [ Conclusion] Due to the large quantity of raw materials with complex components using in dyeing and printing industry, the enterprises should strengthen the identification and management of occupational hazards, and control the critical control points of dust and chemical toxicants. It is suggested that the enterprises should carry out the effective comprehensive measures, strengthen the management and protection, reinforce emergency rescue measures and practice, and improve the heat- stroke prevention and dehumidification in summer.