某稀土加工企业职业病危害关键控制点及防控措施

Analysis on critical control points and measures of occupational hazards in rare earth processing enterprise

目的通过对某稀土加工企业职业病危害进行控制效果评价,探讨适用于该类企业职业病危害分析与控制的"危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)"。方法以某稀土加工企业为研究对象,对该企业进行工程分析和职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素,并通过职业病危害因素检测、职业健康检查等方法分析其危害程度。结果稀土加工企业职业病危害因素关键控制点为存在粉尘、电离辐射、盐酸、硫化氢、一氧化碳和氮氧化物等职业病危害因素的环节。检测结果显示各项职业病危害因素强度均低于职业接触限值。职业健康检查检出2名电离辐射职业禁忌证人员。结论可运用HACCP原理和方法对稀土加工企业的职业病危害因素进行风险管理,降低作业工人发生尘肺、化学中毒和放射性疾病的风险。

[ Objective ] To explore the possibility of using hazard analysis and critical control point { HACCP ） for analysis and con- trol of occupational hazard through the assessment of control effect on occupational hazards in a rare earth processing enterprise. [ Methods] Occupational hazards of the rare earth processing enterprise were identified by using the engineering analysis and occu- pational health survey, and its degree was analyzed by occupational hazards detection and occupational health examination. [ Results ] The main occupational hazards existed in the rare earth processing enterprise were dust, ionizing radiation, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Test results showed every occupational hazard in the workplaces was below the occupational exposure limit. Two workers were found ionizing radiation occupational contraindication through health survey. [ Conclusion] HACCP can be well applied in risk management of occupational hazard in rare earth processing enterprise which can reduce the risk of pneumoconiosis, chemical poisoning and radiation sickness in workers.