前提、标准和程序：中国土地征收补偿制度完善的方向

Prerequisite, Standard and Procedure: The Directions of Improving Compensation Institution of Land Expropriation in China

中国土地征收补偿制度存在的核心问题主要包括三个方面:一是征收的前提:公共利益;二是土地征收的补偿标准;三是土地征收的程序。这三者又都可以归结为土地征收补偿程序的问题,即地方政府及其部门的单方面决策,而被征地方没有或基本没有土地征收补偿过程的参与权。在公共利益的确定上,通过引入地方人民代表大会制度或听证会制度;土地征收补偿标准所存在问题的关键不在于补偿标准的高低,关键在于取消对土地征收补偿标准上限和下限的限制,建立征地方和被征地方一致同意的征地补偿标准形成机制和多元保障机制;在征收程序的完善上引入被征地方的参与,避免形成地方政府相对于土地实际供给方和实际需求方的双向垄断,在土地征收补偿方案和安置方案获得被征地方的认可或争议解决之前不实施土地征收方案。

The key Issues of compensation institution of land expropriation in China include： （1） prerequisite of expropriation：public interest; （2）compensation standard; （3）procedure of expropriation, All these three issues can be summed up as procedure, that is to say, local government is both land expropriator and decision-maker of land expropriation, but the land owner or contractor whose land will be expropriated has no any participation in the process of land expropriation. On public interest, the local people＇s Congress System or public hearing can be used. on expropriation compensation standard, the top or bottom limit must be abolished, and set up the system of negotiation between the both parties who will expropriate and who will be expropriated, on procedure, the land owner or contractor whose land will be expropriated must participate the decision of land expropriation; the government monopoly who is both single demand and single supply of land must be avoided; before the project of land expropriation and its compensation is be accepted, land expropriation will not be put into practice.