“一支笔胜于三千毛瑟枪”话语考

Textual Research on the Discourse of “A Writing Brush Surpasses Three Thousand Mauser Rifles”

毛泽东1938年在延安各界纪念"一二·九"运动大会上的讲话中,曾引拿破仑"一支笔可以当得过三千支毛瑟枪"之语。最早于20世纪初年由梁启超和日本留学生等引入,与日本有着密切的关联,并因其形象生动而传播开来。辛亥前后一段时期,在报刊传媒中得到了进一步的扬播,因流风所及,还成为当时诗文写作中一种新的话语及"新典"。随着二三十年代新闻学学科的发展,一些新闻学论著几乎无一不谈到这一比喻,事实上已成为当时新闻从业者和新闻团体的一种普遍共识,并对社会产生较为广泛持续的影响。以传播状况而言,它又和中国本土的经验与传统文化联结在一起,两者相辅相成,由此共同构成了具有中国特色的新的话语表述。

Mao Zedong quoted from Napoleon by ＂a writing brush surpasses three thousand Mauser rifles＂ in Yan＇an＇s public commemoration of December 9 in 1938. This article investigates in detail the spread and evolution of Napoleon＇s words in modern China. The quotation was first introduced by Liang Qichao and Chinese students studying in Japan in the early years of the 20th century. Closely associated with Japan, it quickly spread for its vividness. During the 1911 Revolution, it was further disseminated in newspapers and became a new discourse and a ＂new anecdote＂ in contemporary poetry composition as its influence grew. With the development of journalism in the 1920s-1930s, almost all works on journalism spoke of the comparison. It in fact has achieved universal consensus among journalists and journalist communities, and continuously affected the society in a wide range. On terms of its dissemination, the quotation was again combined with the Chinese native experience and traditional culture, the interaction of which formed a new discursive expression with Chinese characteristics.