无异议管辖制度研究——兼评《民事诉讼法》之应诉答辩管辖制度

Research on The Non- objection Mechanism of Jurisdiction—— Comments on The Pleading Mechanism of Jurisdiction in The Civil Procedure Law

对法院未发现且当事人未提出管辖异议的隐性管辖错误案件,我国现有立法是通过应诉答辩管辖制度来解决的。但由于管辖异议期间在时间上具有确定性,而应诉、答辩的内涵及期间则具有不确定性,两者之间不能无缝衔接,法院管辖权在成立应诉答辩管辖之前处于事实上的不确定状态,影响了已进行程序的正当性与安定性。鉴于此,立法应当更进一步,直接设立无异议管辖制度,明确规定法院在未发现管辖错误且当事人未依法提出管辖异议的情况下,法院即取得案件的管辖权,变隐性管辖错误为诉讼程序上的合法、正当管辖。

Potential jurisdictional errors, which neither recognized by the court, nor challenged by the parties, are settled by the pleading and defense mechanism according to the current legislation. However, the conflict between the certainty of the objection period and the uncertainty of the pleading＇s meaning and period, would leave the jurisdiction undefined until the pleading mecha- nism is satisfied, thus undermine the legitimacy and stability of the procedure. Therefore, our legislation should take a step fur- ther and establish the non - objection mechanism, to justify the jurisdiction when both the court and the parties fail to raise an ob- jection.