行业收入差距及垄断行业高收入的实现路径——基于技术进步的视角

An Analysis on the Income Gap among Industries and the Achieving Paths of High Income in Monopoly Industries——From the Perspective of Technology Progress

垄断行业和非垄断行业的收入仍然存在较大差距，造成行业间收入差距扩大的原因既有制度性因素也有市场因素，对垄断行业与非垄断行业的技术进步进行比较，发现垄断行业全要素生产率更高，主要是通过技术改进实现的；采用2004～2012年工业行业的面板数据实证分析技术进步和行业垄断对行业收入差距的影响，结果表明：垄断行业的技术改进对工资收入的影响作用更大，行政垄断与技术改进交互作用，垄断行业凭借“行政垄断一资本深化一技术改进”这种粗放式发展路径来提高其工资水平，扩大行业收入差距。因此，引入竞争打破行政垄断，增加对非垄断行业的资本投入，既可以倒逼垄断行业向集约型发展方式转变。又能提高非垄断行业技术改进。从而缩小收入差距。

A large gap exists between the monopoly and non monopoly industry income. Both institutional and market factors lead to industry income gap. Comparing the technological progress between monopoly and non monopoly industries, we found that TFP in monopoly industry is higher, which is obtained mainly through technical improvement implementation. We, by using industry panel data from 2004 to 2012, empirically analyzed the impact of technological progress and industrial monopolies on the industry income gap. The results showed that： technical improvements of monopoly industries have a greater impact on wage income. Administrative monopoly interacted with technical improvement. Monopoly industries improved their wages and expanded industry revenue gap by the extensive development path of ＂administrative monopoly- capital deepening-technical improvements＂ . Therefore, we could introduce competition in to break the administrative monopoly and increase capital investment to non-monopoly industries. This will not only force monopoly industries change to intensive development pattern, but also improve technological improvements the non-monopoly industry, thereby narrowing the income gap.